What is the term for the minimum number of members required for a board meeting to be valid?

The minimum number of members required for a board meeting to be valid is referred to as a quorum. A quorum is essential because it ensures that any decisions made during the meeting reflect the agreement of a sufficient portion of the board, lending legitimacy and authority to the proceedings. The concept of a quorum is fundamental to the functioning of boards and committees, as it prevents a small group of members from making decisions on behalf of the entire board without adequate representation.

The other terms in the options do not convey this specific requirement. For instance, while "majority" refers to more than half of the members, it does not define the minimum attendance needed for a meeting. "Participation" and "collective" do not relate directly to the number of members required to hold a valid meeting. In governing documents or state laws, a quorum is explicitly defined, often as a simple majority or a specific fraction of the total number of members.